Nowadays, it seems like you can't talk about spiritual concepts without needing to consider Ken Wilber. Many years ago I read several of the Wilber books and found them to be quite interesting and worth adding to the discourse. However, I never imagined that his “theory” would become so monumentally crucial to the spiritual journey of so many. And make no mistake, although both interiors and exteriors of experience are charted, it is the interiors, or our experience of reality (individual and collective), that we all want to improve.
Seems like any discussion of spiritual beliefs or principles that does not include the integral "map" tends to be interpreted as invalid. So I pulled down my dust covered copy of "Eye of Spirit" in order to ascertain what it is that I essentially missed in my initial readings (and it appears at this point I will need to return to “Theory of Everything,” “Atman,” and some of the others, when my time is less limited). I tend to apply my own editing style of highlighting, underlining and writing in the margins and I noticed that I had really worked over the pages of this book. However, in reviewing the author’s passages in relation to my own previous editing, some issues began to glare out at me.
KW writes that "Paradox is simply the way nonduality looks at the mental level"(p45) Okay, I can roll with that, although I would question what nonduality would have to do with levels at all, yet, I guess that sits OK with me for the moment. He states further, "Spirit itself is not paradoxical; strictly speaking, it is not characterizable at all at all." Again, this sounds plausible enough for me and many of the wisdom traditions teach as much. We can only know it through paradox, but it cannot be “characterizable,” through forms requiring sight, sound or even mental images as in linguistics.
However, though Ken has explained that it is not “characterizable,” he then seems to advocate that it can be KNOWN through forms when these forms are evident in stages, "We have said that when transcendental spirit manifests itself, it does so in stages or levels - the great Holarchy of Being” Well, now wait a minute, if we are to realize “stages or levels” then there must be “characterizable” aspects manifest to sensory perception. But, I thought he just said that Spirit cannot be “characterizable”? It has no character traits so that the senses cannot know it as such, since sense impressions must have form. So how do we SEE “nonduality” through levels and stages as manifest?
Ken then goes on to say “But I’m not saying that Spirit or reality itself is hierarchical. Absolute Spirit or reality is not hierarchical. It is not qualifiable at all in mental terms (lower-holon terms) – it is shunyata or nirguna, or apophatic – unqualifiable, without a trace of specific and limiting characteristics at all. But it MANIFESTS itself in steps, in layers, dimensions, sheaths, levels or grades – whatever term one prefers – and that is a holarchy.”(p.45, italics mine) Once again he states that it is not “characterizable” nor is it “qualifiable.” However, he then goes on to say that it can be MANIFEST. In addition, it is manifest in a way that we can know of it in its stages, dimensions, forms, etc, etc. Whaaa? So it is not qualifiable or characterizable, but it is still “manifest.”
The important distinction to be made is that whatever way the UNcharacterizable and Unquantifiable (in other words, unmanifest reality) is MANIFEST and it is clearly in ken’s mind, MANIFESTED and that manifestation is not real. “The whole point is that these are levels of the manifest world, of maya.” [remember, it is all illusion]. But, note this interesting point he makes in regard to maya, “When maya is not recognized as the play of the divine, then it is nothing but illusion.” What could that mean? Is he saying that the illusion is real if projected by Source/God? Divine Mind wants us to see that Divine Mind made the illusion. This would be an important distinction in terms of the origin of our manifest illusion. So I need a true integralists to come to my emotional rescue here and help this novitiate understand the “play of the Divine.”
He then adds, “Hierarchy is illusion.” [of course, everything is, even a holarchy!]. “There are levels of illusion, not levels of reality. But according to the traditions, it is exactly (and only) by understanding the hierarchical nature of samara that we can in fact climb out of it, a ladder discarded only after having served its extraordinary purpose.” (p45).
In Wilber’s view it seems that he is clear on the fact that our belief in reality is belief in illusion, “samsara,” “maya,” etc. The wisdom traditions have informed us of this. However, Wilber feels that the illusion has a purpose. In other words, what is not real is not real for a reason and that reason is so that through studying the illusion we can transcend it (ah, so science is necessary!). And any study of illusion is a study of its “hierarchical nature” that it in fact does NOT HAVE. Make sense now?
Therefore, I ask you, what is it that we study? In addition, we can only study it if we believe it is the “play of the divine”? Does he mean that the Divine Mind is playing with our heads and if we study this illusionary game we will learn the rules and then we can break them or follow them or transcend them or who knows what?. And the point is that nobody knows, since all we can know is manifest illusion. Nevertheless, Wilber appears to know and he has learned the rules and mapped them out for us. It is not a hierarchy, although it manifests as such (read above), it is a "holarchy" and all of it is important to our study so we can win the game, which is to transcend the game of Divine Play. But, once again, only if we study the levels and stages of what has no levels and stages. Yet the important quote most crucial to grasping an understanding of integral theory is that “there are levels of illusion, not levels of reality.”(p45). In other words, the divine is free of the limitations of hierarchies, but is manifest to us through hierarchies that we must see as holarchies.
Wilber sees the illusionary world that we all see and that the great wisdom traditions have taught IS illusion and Wilber also sees, as do we, that a major aspect of the illusion is that it “evolves.” Who gave it that quality we have yet to learn (maybe we did), yet clearly we can all agree that the illusion evolves. Therefore, he teaches that we must evolve with the illusion in order to know Spirit. Thus, his whole theory seems to demand stepping up the “ladder” to spirit, although many wisdom traditions advocate stepping down and returning to spirit in the remembering that you never left, or lost, what you have always been. Yet he does indicate that Spirit is always IN everything. However, he is saying that the only way we can be aware of this is if we actualize a stronger ego through an evolutionary developmental process. That same developmental process that is illusional, yet, since we believe it is real we need to egoically unfold with it or in a sense, ride out the ego’s storm.
Therefore, it seems that when we feel bereft of spirit that is simply because we are invested in the evolving processes of the illusion which demands we move forward through some illusional existence that demands we graduate through ever more levels and stages of illusion. Yet, we can only do this evolving within the illusion, as Wilber claims, in reliance of a strong ego in order to adequately adapt to the illusion (or what does not exist), “That is, you must develop a strong and secure ego before you can transcend it; and whereas the great traditions were superb at the latter, [that is, helping us transcend ego and egoic attachments] they failed rather miserably at the former” [helping us strengthen ego and ego attachments] (p33).
So, Ken’s saying we can finally HAVE our cake and eat it too! This seems to be a clear proclamation favoring self-development strategies to strengthen the very thing (ego) that got us into this mess in the first place. Is it any wonder why so many personal development teachers are jumping on the “integral” bandwagon since the great Wilber has blessed the process of ego development? And damn those great wisdom traditions that were not educated in Freudian principles. In relation to this evolutionary process of “transcendence,” Wilber quotes “In Jack Englers memorable phrase, ‘you have to be somebody before you can be nobody.” Whatever happened to the Heideggerian “Ground of pure Being”? No, Wilber’s theory requires that you be something first so he seems to posit that the “I AM that...” precede the “I AM” which, of course, is how we experience our existence. But this is as it should be according to Wilber.
The world is illusion. Nevertheless, Wilber, the scientist, maps out the way to transcend the cause of our suffering. Notice he is not interested in the transformation that relates to NOW. No, you silly fool, you have not the means of adequately interpreting NOW. Although you must transcend to the NOW to be free, the only processes you can employ to do this transcending requires belief in developmental evolution and demands you actively attend to your levels and stages in this illusion. He requires you strengthen the very aspect of “you” that causes all your problems (ego/self). In addition, you should make no mistake in that the processes you will use to evolve to Spirit are based on the “science of psychology.” Even though the science of psychology adheres to the premise that the ego DOES exist and so does the world.
Seems like another example of the blind leading the blind.